THE psychical growth of a child is not influenced by days and years， but by the impressions passing events make on its mind.
What may prove a sudden awakening to one， giving an impulse in a certain direction that may last for years， may make no impression on another. People wonder why the children of the same family differ so widely， though they have had the same domestic discipline， the same school and church teaching， and have grown up under the same influences and with the same environments.
As well wonder why lilies and lilacs in the same latitude are not all alike in color and equally fragrant. Children differ as widely as these in the primal elements of their physical and psychical life.
Who can estimate the power of antenatal influences， or the child's surroundings in its earliest years， the effect of some passing word or sight on one， that makes no impression on another？ The unhappiness of one child under a certain home discipline is not inconsistent with the content of another under this same discipline. One， yearning for broader freedom， is in a chronic condition of rebellion； the other， more easily satisfied， quietly accepts the situation. Everything is seen from a different standpoint； everything takes its color from the mind of the beholder.
I am moved to recall what I can of my early days， what I thought and felt， that grown people may have a better understanding of children and do more for their happiness and development. I see so much tyranny exercised over children， even by well-disposed parents， and in so many varied forms，朼 tyranny to which these parents are themselves insensible，杢hat I desire to paint my joys and sorrows in as vivid colors as possible， in the hope that I may do something to defend the weak from the strong. People never dream of all that is going on in the little heads of the young， for few adults are given to introspection， and those who are incapable of recalling their own feelings under restraint and disappointment can have no appreciation of the sufferings of children who can neither describe nor analyze what they feel. In defending themselves against injustice they are as helpless as dumb animals. What is insignificant to their elders is often to them a source of great joy or sorrow.
With several generations of vigorous， enterprising ancestors behind me， I commenced the struggle of life under favorable circumstances on the 12th day of November， 1815， the same year that my father， Daniel Cady， a distinguished lawyer and judge in the State of New York， was elected to Congress. Perhaps the excitement of a political campaign， in which my mother took the deepest interest， may have had an influence on my prenatal life and given me the strong desire that I have always felt to participate in the rights and duties of government.
My father was a man of firm character and unimpeachable integrity， and yet sensitive and modest to a painful degree. There were but two places in which he felt at ease杋n the courthouse and at his own fireside. Though gentle and tender， he had such a dignified repose and reserve of manner that， as children， we regarded him with fear rather than affection.
My mother， Margaret Livingston， a tall， queenly looking woman， was courageous， self-reliant， and at her ease under all circumstances and in all places.
She was the daughter of Colonel James Livingston， who took an active part in the War of the Revolution.
Colonel Livingston was stationed at West Point when Arnold made the attempt to betray that stronghold into the hands of the enemy. In the absence of General Washington and his superior officer， he took the responsibility of firing into the Vulture， a suspicious looking British vessel that lay at anchor near the opposite bank of the Hudson River. It was a fatal shot for André；， the British spy， with whom Arnold was then consummating his treason. Hit between wind and water， the vessel spread her sails and hastened down the river， leaving André；， with his papers， to be captured while Arnold made his escape through the lines， before his treason was suspected.
On General Washington's return to West Point， he sent for my grandfather and reprimanded him for acting in so important a matter without orders， thereby making himself liable to court-martial； but， after fully impressing the young officer with the danger of such self-sufficiency on ordinary occasions， he admitted that a most fortunate shot had been sent into the Vulture， "for，" he said， "we are in no condition just now to defend ourselves against the British forces in New York， and the capture of this spy has saved us."
My mother had the military idea of government， but her children， like their grandfather， were disposed to assume the responsibility of their own actions； thus the ancestral traits in mother and children modified， in a measure， the dangerous tendencies in each.
Our parents were as kind， indulgent， and considerate as the Puritan ideas of those days permitted， but fear， rather than love， of God and parents alike， predominated. Add to this our timidity in our intercourse with servants and teachers， our dread of the ever present devil， and the reader will see that， under such conditions， nothing but strong self-will and a good share of hope and mirthfulness could have saved an ordinary child from becoming a mere nullity.
The first event engraved on my memory was the birth of a sister when I was four years old. It was a cold morning in January when the brawny Scotch nurse carried me to see the little stranger， whose advent was a matter of intense interest to me for many weeks after. The large， pleasant room with the white curtains and bright wood fire on the hearth， where panada， catnip， and all kinds of little messes which we were allowed to taste were kept warm， was the center of attraction for the older children.
